Quotes to Welcome Your Baby Boy

So you have a baby boy on the way? Congratulations! This new chapter in your life is sure to be an adventure full of joy and excitement (even if it also means changing diapers).  A baby boy is a unique bundle of joy. If youre expecting one of these small blessings, you may find some insight on how to handle boys in the baby-boy quotes below. Mark Twain: There comes a time in every rightly constructed boys life when he has a raging desire to go somewhere and dig for hidden treasure. Irish Proverb: It’s the merry-hearted boys that make the best men. Ralph Waldo Emerson: There was never a child so lovely but his mother was glad to get him to sleep. Paul Walker: If you spend any time with a man, you’ll realize that we’re all still little boys. Eric Berne: The moment a little boy is concerned with which is a jay and which is a sparrow, he can no longer see the birds or hear them sing. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: A boy’s will is the wind’s will, and the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts. Jenny De Vries: A small son can charm himself into, and out of, most things. Charles Dickens: A boy’s story is the best that is ever told. Anonymous: What are little boys made of?Frogs and snails,And puppy dog tails,Thats what little boys are made of. Joseph Heller: When I grow up, I want to be a little boy. Maya Angelou: If I have a monument in this world, it is my son. Plato: Of all the animals, the boy is the most unmanageable. Alan Marshall Beck: Boys are found everywhere—on top of, underneath, inside of, climbing on, swinging from, running around, or jumping to. Mothers love them, little girls hate them, older sisters and brothers tolerate them, adults ignore them, and Heaven protects them. A boy is Truth with dirt on its face, Beauty with a cut on its finger, Wisdom with bubble gum in its hair, and the Hope of the future with a frog in its pocket. A boy is a magical creature—you can lock him out of your workshop, but you cant lock him out of your heart. You can get him out of your study, but you cant get him out of your mind. Might as well give up—he is your captor, your jailer, your  boss  and your master—a freckled-faced, pint-sized, cat-chasing bundle of noise. But when you come home at night with only the shattered pieces of your hopes and dreams, he can mend them like new with two magic words: Hi, Dad! James Thurber: Boys are beyond the range of anybodys sure understanding, at least when they are between the ages of 18 months and 90 years. Robert Baden-Powell: A boy is naturally full of humor. Christina Aguilera: There’s nothing more dangerous than a boy with charm. Johnny Depp: Young boys should never be sent to bed; they always wake up another day older. Cyril Connolly: Boys do not grow up gradually. They move forward in spurts like the hands of clocks in railway stations.

Global Warming Essay example - 699 Words

Global warming has many pro’s or people who believe global warming exists not because it is a good thing. People who believe global warming exists and want to fix the problem as soon as possible because it may cause a catastrophe. Al Gore and the IPCC are the main people who believe global warming may change our lives and sometimes create an illusion that it is our fault. There are many examples that it may be so like a hot summer in Edmonton, no negative temperature days in Glasgow, Montana however, other phenomenon like record snowfalls contradicts the existence of global warming. Even still many more occurrences that suggest global warming is real are: a 1998 heat wave in Florida, 1999 heat waves that set record highs, thawing†¦show more content†¦On the contrary others believe global warming is non-existent. They believe it is normal activity and the temperature will go back down sometime. As shown in Al Gore’s â€Å"hockey stick†, they may be exagge rating the truth. (See appendix 2) It also shows that the temperature was at its warmest in the 1000’s and from then up to just before now the temperature has decreased. In the last few years it has risen like it has many times before. Many of these people believe it is a scam or a hoax. One thing I found was on my list of evidence of global warming that some evidence was heavy rainfall but that doesn’t necessarily mean that the earth is warming. One example of the opposition to global warming is when one of my sources said: â€Å"Shame on you, Al Gore, for playing on peoples emotions to drive support for your enormous $45 trillion carbon tax hoax.† (I love C02). Many usually mild cities during winter were cooler than usual this year. A large amount of snow fell on D.C. and cancelled a meeting for global warming. Even still Al Gore still preaches that global warming exists and that we are at fault. When many of the world’s highest experienced scientists a nd others got together in New York to discuss global warming. Another thing found out about global warming is that it is about politics and money. The cap-and-trade would place a tax on things like driving automobiles and usingShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Warming1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has become a well conversed topic among scientists and peoples in the world today. There are extremists who do everything possible to stop contributing to the warming, but the average person does little to alleviate the issue and in many cases refuses to acknowledge that there is a problem at all. Dating back to millions of years ago, even before humanity was born, the world has always experienced one form or another of warming; so the warming seen today is not as bizarre as many mayRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Warming1353 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming With it being the presidential election season the talk of global warming, also known as climate change has come up in conversation more. But should it be associated with whether you are republican or democrat? Global warming should not be rather you â€Å"believe† in because it is a stated fact. The definition by Oxford Dictionary declares that global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect causedRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreGlobal Warming1677 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and consumption of fossil fuels plus the increase in population and agriculture have played a big part in global warming. If something is not done soon the results could be very bad. By the middle of the twenty first century, there is evidence that the Earth will be warmer than it has been at any time in human history, and quite possibly since theRead MoreGlobal Warming1410 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming was first mentioned by ‘Svante August Arrhenius in 1896’, but in ‘1753, Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide’ and in ‘1827, Jean-Batiste Fourier suggested that atmospheric effect kept the earth warmer than it would otherwise be’, (Direct.gov. n.d. A history of climate change). Since this time, reports, and study have be done with graphs to show the impact of global warming and what could happen to our planet. In 1979, the first conference was held this was called ‘International climateRead MoreGlobal Warming1245 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming The major threat of today’s world is global warming. Due to various reasons global warming turns out to be a serious issue in the last few years. Today people believe in global warming while this concept was not so much believed and people interpreted in some other meanings what was happening in the past. Global warming is amplification in the temperature of earth because of industrial pollution, fossil fuels, and agricultural practices caused by human being, other and natural gasRead MoreGlobal Warming1316 Words   |  6 PagesControversy over Global Warming One of the largest argued topics in our world today is over global warming. People argue that is real, and others argue that it is fake. The effects of global warming create a growing danger for the ecosystem we live in by damaging glaciers and weather patterns. Humans contribute to global warming yet non-believers will think otherwise. Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) mostRead Moreglobal warming1539 Words   |  7 Pagesof global climate over long periods of time. Climate model projections made by the US Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that, recently, global temperature has increased. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming. One of the main causes of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb solar radiation to keep the planet warm. These gases have increased, so more solar radiation is trapped ins ide raising global temperaturesRead MoreGlobal Warming1050 Words   |  5 PagesTake a position: Global warming is a real problem. 1000 word Essay. Using persuasive technique Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s surface. Since the late 1800’s, the global average temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees F (0.4 to 0.8degree C). Climate change is happening and its effects are real. However, the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will make life harder for mostRead MoreGlobal Warming1192 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Essay Global warming is an important issue for humans to consider and science to figure out. Personally I don’t care very much about global warming and have never been active in green movements. The evidence presented in this class is very informative and useful when taking into account the numerous known and unknown causes and cures for global warming. However, my attitude towards global warming is unchanged. According to the Common Attitudes Toward Global Warming handout I think

Strategic Marketing Enhance the Existing Operations

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing for Enhance the Existing Operations. Answer: Role of strategic marketing Strategic management help the organization to identify the relevant the strategies to enhance the existing operations of the business enterprise. According to Agudo et al (2012), it can be helpful in assessing the existing financial operations of the business enterprise and taking measures to rectify the situation. It can be said to be a combination of the financial and the non-financial operations of the business entity to execute the operational strategies of the entity. It defines the employee role that is consistent with the objectives and the goals of the organization. The total market solutions would enable the business organization to provide support to the organizational performance. Baker and Parkinson (2016) mentioned that the strategy of the organization have to be organized as per the goals and the objectives of the business entity. In this regard , it can be said that strategic management helps the organization in determining the discrepancies in the operational policies of the management and thereby taking appropriate measures. Strategic management plays an essential role in executing each aspect of the operational policies of the business like finance, HR and marketing to suit the operational policies of the business entity. According to Czinkota and Ronkainen (2012), strategic management has been a useful tool for the organization in the times of a business crisis. In this regard, it can be said that strategic management is a necessary tool that has been effective for the business entity in setting up of the operational policies in the case of a start-up business entity. Relationship between corporate strategy and marketing strategy There is a strong link between the corporate strategy and the marketing strategy of a business entity. The marketing strategy of an entity is based on the corporate strategy created. According to Dasgupta et al. (2015), the corporate policies of a business enterprise is the pillar that develops the path through which the organization runs. As such, it can be d said that the marketing policies of the organization is developed on the long term corporate strategies of the business enterprise. Thus, the potency of the marketing strategies is determined on the corporate strategy that is followed in the business entity. This is especially important in the case of the retail entities. The retail business enterprises in operates in a vulnerable market environment. Therefore, it is essential that a strong corporate strategy is developed to ensure survival in a competitive market environment. Gilligan and Hird (2012) stated that the promotional, price and the distribution strategies of the business entity is dependent on the nature of the corporate strategy created to address the existing issues of the entity and assists the business organization in its growth. Diamantopoulos et al. (2013) mentioned that the corporate strategy encompasses the operational, marketing as well as the financial strategies of a business entity. Therefore, it can be said that the marketing strategy is an essential part of the corporate strategy adopted by a business enterprise. The marketing strategies is also dependent on the existing market conditions developed by a business enterprise. In addition , the consumer tastes and the preferences are also considered while framing the marketing p olicies. East et al. (2013) mentioned that corporate strategy are developed after considering all these factors. Thus, the marketing policies of the business enterprise are dependent on the corporate strategy developed in the business organization. Marketing strategy analysis The following are the steps that are taken to develop the marketing strategy of an entity. 1. Market competition - The market competition is an essential factor that has an impact on the marketing policies adopted in the organization. Eng and Ozdemir (2014) mentioned that the presence of substitute products in the market shall raise the level of competition in the market. As such, it can be said that the nature of the market shall have a considerable influence on the marketing strategies adopted in the organization. 2. Financial strength- The financial strength of the organization have an essential impact on the marketing strategies of the organization. Gnizy and Shoham (2014) mentioned that elaborate sales promotional policies would not be possible if the inherent financial condition of the business organization. The business entity has been essential for the business entity in regard to the operational policies of the entity. This shall ensure that there are no wastage of the financial resource , thereby, leading the organization to incurr lossess 3. Consumer behavior - The consumer behavior of in any particular region would have a necessary influence on the marketing strategy According to Gilligan. and Hird, (2012) , the consumer behavior shall be of a considerable influence on the marketing policies of a place. Thus, the consumer behavior has to be adequately judge to appropriately structure the product and the service offerings offered to the consumers. 4. The existing trends in the market - The existing trends in the market shall reflect on the choices and the preferences of the consumers. Gnizy and Shoham (2014) stated that the marketing strategies have to adequately consider these factors to assist the organization in capturing the attention of the consumers in the market. 5. Consolidation - The business enterprise has to consolidate the existing position and address any issues that can harm the organization. Therefore, in the pursuit of adopting the expansion strategies the business organization the current market position of the organization would not be neglected under any circumstances. 6. Government laws and regulations - The government laws and regulations would have to be taken into account while determining the marketing policies of a business entity. According to Hardwick et al. (2014), the laws and the regulations offers the necessary guidelines through which the organization has to execute its marketing policies. The government laws and regulations defines the necessary measures as well as the ethical means that would enable a business entity to execute its marketing plans as per the needs. Internal environmental analysis The brand has the ability to determine the operational analysis to determine the existing business operations of the entity. According to Hollensen, (2015), the internal environmental analysis would assist the entity to assess the existing condition of the business entity and take measures accordingly. The internal environmental analysis would emphasize on business constituents like the existing operational and the financial policies of the business entity. In addition, the internal environmental analysis shall relate to the ability of the organization to sustain the market competition of the substitute brands in the market. The financial and the non-financial resources of the as per the needs of the organization. According to Katsikeas (2014), the internal environmental analysis would assist the entity in preparing an effective business plan to help the organization to achieve further growth. The internal environmental analysis would emphasize on every aspect of the business enterprise to enhance the operational policies of the business entity. External environmental analysis The external environmental analysis would analyse the external environmental attributes affecting the business organization. Majaro (2013) stated that the PESTLE Analysis would be of help to the business entity that shall be effective in evaluating the market environment the organization is operating. Political The political factors affecting the operational policies of a business entity would have an influence on the business environment that the organization is operating. The political attributes include the existing political situation of the place and the influence of the operating policies of the business enterprise. Economic There are certain economic attributes influencing the business sustainability of a place. In addition, the economic attributes include the purchasing power of the plac and the rise in the prices of the goods. The economic factors have also an essential influence on the operating and the financial strategies of the region. According to Schiffman et al. (2013), the economic attributes are the factors affecting the region of a place Social The social factors have an essential influence on the operating strategies of a business enterprise. The essential characteristics of the social environment mainly deal with the consumer behavior and buyer choices and preferences. According to Meissner (2012), the social attributes deals with the traditions and the culture of a place. In this regard, it can be said that these would have an impact on the business sustainability. The social obligations of the entity are also to be taken care of when forming the business policies. These relate to respecting the local culture and the traditions to facilitate company reputation and the goodwill of the organization. Technological- The technological innovations available shall have a large impact on the existing business functionalities of a place. According to Mihart (2012), this is an essential influence on the operations of a business entity and can lead the organization to growth. This would also help the organization to facilitate the growth. The region in which the organization is operating in shall have an essential influence on the operations of a place., Legal - The government laws and regulations affecting the operations of a place would have an impact on the business functionalities of the organization. The legal characteristics also include the import export procedures affecting the laws and the regulations of a place. In this regard , Mihart (2012) noted that these regulations have to adhered to create fair and transparent business policies. The legal characteristics of the place have been effective in maintaining a strict guideline towards the operational expenditures of the business entity, Environment-- The business entity have to follow the local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. As such Newton and Meyer (2013). noted that the protection of the environment should be the primary concern of the employees. The environment laws should have an essential impact on the business policies of an organization. In this regard, Newton and Meyer (2013) said that this is the environment protection laws have been a primary concern among the reputed entities. The environmental laws in a particular region have been able to restrict the operational policies towards maintaining a healthy environment, Integration of internal and external analysis The internagies of the m organization. The internal and the external operations have been an essential factor in order to determine the existing business policies of the organization. Papadopoulos and Heslop (2014) mentioned that there exists an essential link between the internal and the external operations of the business entity. Thus , the internal and the external analysis of the business enterprise pertinent marketing policies shall be developed which would assist the business entity to gain a larger market share. Pearce (2016) stated that the internal and the external analysis have develop a strong relationship to facilitate the operational policies of the business entity. The TMS have used the internal and the external analysis to aid the business enterprise in achieving further growth. Paliwoda and Thomas (2013) mentioned the integration of the internal and the external market analysis shall assist the business entity in developing the marketing and the operational analysis Strategies implemented The following are the strategies that can be implemented that can contribute to the business competition. 1. Nature of the product and the service The nature of the product and the service line is a large determinant on the marketing strategy adopted in the business organization. In this regard, Saleh et al. (2014) noted that the nature of the product and service line would determine the kind of marketing strategy adopted in the business entity. The Total Marketing solutions would be used to develop the operational strategies of the business enterprise, thereby, leading the organization to attain further growth. 2. Pricing strategy - The TMS would be used to determine the epricing strategy of the organization. Thus, this would assist the organization in developing newer market segments and attracting potential customers towards the brand. According to Prybutok, (2012), the pricing policies have been essential in ensuring survivability in a competitive market environment. The pricing policies have been effective in assessing the current business policies of the organization and rectification of the existing issues in the business organization. In these regard, the pricing policies have enabled the business entity. 3. Identifying the target segment of customers - It is important to identify the target segment of customers that would enable the business organization to preparer the business plan of the organization. Newton and Meyer (2013) mentioned that The Total Marketing Solutions would assist the business organization in order to build the business sustainability of the organization. Therefore, it shall enable the business entity to build prosperity and growth. 4. Consumer choices and preferences - The consumer choices as well as the preferences shall be analyzed in determining the consumer choices and the preferences of the consumer. In addition, understanding the consumer choices and the preferences of the consumers would assist the business entity in developing the long term goals and objectives of the business entity. According to Ramsay et al.( 2013), consumer behavior would have a large influence on the operational and the marketing policies of the business entity. 5. The presence of substitute products The presence of substitute products in the market shall complicate the market situation of the business enterprise. In addition, this would intensify the market competition, which would pose a threat to the business sustainability of the entity. Therefore, pertinent marketing and operational strategies should be framed to overcome the required threats from the substitute products in the market. According to Rao (2015), for a start-up business entity the primary objective is market survivability. As such, it is necessary that the TMS make effective strategies for the growth of the organization. Thus, it is essential that the marketing strategies are effective in setting up of the business entity in leading the business enterprise to prosperity. Market Communication strategies The market communication strategy primarily deals in developing the brand identity of a business enterprise. As such, it is essential that the marketing strategies have been essential to develop the brand awareness of a brand. According to Saleh et al. (2014), the marketing communication strategy is used in capturing the attention of the public. The following are the characteristics of the market communication strategies. The marketing communication strategies help the smoother flow of communication from the top management of the organization to the middle ranked managers of the organization. (Rao 2015). Components - The marketing communication strategy is developed through the various market components. Weinstein and Pohlman (2015) stated that advertising is used in raising the awareness levels of the business organization. In addition, it is used in the development of the marketing channels in the organization. Strategies The employee policies has been used in the development of market communication strategies. Paliwoda and Thomas (2013) mentioned that the strategies are developed in five different strategies to encompass each aspect of the business functionalities. The company goodwill as well as the operational strategies of the business entity. In this regard, it can be said that the market communication strategies would emphasize on each aspect of the production and the distribution process in the organization., Benefits- There are certain benefits to the implementation of the market communication strategies adopted in the business entity. As such , Turnbull and Valla (2013) stated that it is necessary that such factors in the manufacturing process in the organization shall assist a business entity to assess the existing performance of the entity and take measures accordingly. The market communication policies have to be adopted in the business entity to aid t the business enterprise in addressing the issues that has been hampering the business enterprise. According to Schiffman et al. (2013), the market communication strategies shall have the necessary constituents to cover each aspect of the business entity. The market communication strategies have to be adopted to assist the business enterprise, in executing the operational strategies of the business entity. Prybutok (2012) mentioned that the marketing communication strategies have been adopted in the organization Adoption of Marketing Strategies There are certain considerations through which the market communication strategies has to be implemented in the organization. These include the existing market condition as well as the consumer behavior in the organization. In addition, the considerations are the inherent financial strength of the organization. Besides this, there are several other factors that includes the market competition and the presence of substitute products in the market. According to Solomon et al. (2013), several considerations cater to the operational policies of the business enterprise. In this regard, it can be said that the primary consideration is the need of the organization. There can be several issues that can be considered in implementing in the organization. According to Spurling et al. (2013), the adoption of the resource and the management implications in the business entity that would assist the business in allocating the resources as per the needs of the organization. The marketing strategies implemented in the business entity shall be considered after analyzing the financial and the non-financial resources in the entity. In addition , the pertinent issues that has been affecting the organization shall be overcome through the implementation of the marketing policies in any business organization. The management of the organization has to play a leading role in the implementation of the marketing strategies in the organization. According to Turnbull and Paliwoda (2013), the leadership role has to guide the employees to facilitate the growth of the business organization. The management communication strategies has to be implemented after considering attributes like the technology implemented in the organization and the usefulness of the human resource policies implemented in the business entity. Besides this, it is necessary that the marketing strategies adopted in the organization should ensure that there are no adequate wastage of resources. The resource and the management implications have to be adequately implemented with considerable time and effort to help the business entity in its growth. References Agudo, J.C., Crespo, A.H. and Bosque, I.R., 2012. Adherence to customer loyalty programs and changes in buyer behaviour. The Service Industries Journal, 32(8), pp.1323-134. Baker, M.J. and Parkinson, S.T., 2016. Organizational buying behaviour: purchasing and marketing management implications. Springer. Czinkota, M. and Ronkainen, I., 2012. International marketing. Cengage Learning. Dasgupta, P., Southerton, D., Ulph, A. and Ulph, D., 2015. Consumer Behaviour with Environmental and Social Externalities: Implications for Analysis and Policy. Environmental and Resource Economics, pp.1-36. Diamantopoulos, A., Fritz, W. and Hildebrandt, L. eds., 2013. Quantitative Marketing and Marketing Management: Marketing Models and Methods in Theory and Practice. Springer Science Business Media. East, R., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M., 2013. Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Eng, T.Y. and Ozdemir, S., 2014. International RD partnerships and intrafirm RDmarketingproduction integration of manufacturing firms in emerging economies. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(1), pp.32-44. Gilligan, C. and Hird, M., 2012. International marketing: strategy and management (Vol. 17). Routledge. Gnizy, I. and Shoham, A., 2014. Uncovering the influence of the international marketing function in international firms. International Marketing Review, 31(1), pp.51-78. Hardwick, J., Delarue, L., Ardley, B. and Taylor, N., 2014. Mobile phones purchases and consumer decision making process: the role of Facebook online advertising. Computer-Mediated Marketing Strategies: Social Media and Online Brand Communities: Social Media and Online Brand Communities, p.303. Hollensen, S., 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Katsikeas, C.S., 2014. Journal of International Marketing: Objectives, Challenges, and the Way Forward. Journal of International Marketing, 22(1), pp.1-4. Majaro, S., 2013. International Marketing (RLE International Business): A Strategic Approach to World Markets. Routledge. Meissner, H.G., 2012. Strategic international marketing. Springer Science Business Media. Mihart, C., 2012. Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: Effects on consumer decision-making process.International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), p.121. Mihart, C., 2012. Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: Effects on consumer decision-making process.International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), p.121. Newton, P. and Meyer, D., 2013. Exploring the attitudes-action gap in household resource consumption: Does environmental lifestyle segmentation align with consumer behaviour?. Sustainability, 5(3), pp.1211-1233. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013. International marketing. Routledge. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014. Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Pearce, P.L., 2016. Trends in Consumer Behaviour. Entrepreneurship und Tourismus: Unternehmerisches Denken und Erfolgskonzepte aus der Praxis, p.2251. Prybutok, V.R., 2012. The impact of quality on customer behavioral intentions based on the consumer decision making process as applied in e-commerce (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas). Ramsay, J., Wagner, B. and Kelly, S., 2013. Purchase offering quality: The effects of buyer behaviour on organizational supplying behaviour.International Journal of Operations Production Management, 33(10), pp.1260-1282. Rao, A.V., 2015. Consumer behaviour towards organized retail. Saleh, M.A., Ali, M.Y. and Julian, C.C., 2014. International buyer behaviourcommitment relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in importing.International Business Review, 23(2), pp.329-342. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M.R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia. Spurling, N., McMeekin, A., Shove, E., Southerton, D. and Welch, D., 2013. Interventions in practice: re-framing policy approaches to consumer behaviour. Manchester: Sustainable Practices Research Group. Turnbull, P.W. and Paliwoda, S.J., 2013. Research in international marketing(Vol. 39). Routledge. Turnbull, P.W. and Valla, J.P. eds., 2013. Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Weinstein, A. and Pohlman, R.A., 2015. Customer value: A new paradigm for marketing management. In Proceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 132-133). Springer International Publishing.

Summary and Critique of “Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem” Example For Students

Summary and Critique of â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† Summary and Critique of â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† by Erich Fromm In â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† by Erich Fromm, Fromm states that human history was started by an act of disobedience, and that it will be ended by an act of obedience. He then says that the majority of human authorities and governments throughout history have demonized disobedience while sanctifying obedience, as their power comes from the obedience of the masses and that only obedience bred as a virtue can be sustained by such organizations. He states that the obedience of the masses and the power gained from it are what allow the governing few to enjoy the limited quantities of luxuries and other resources available only to those with power and the means to use it. He also states that the human conscience is divided into 2 types: the humanistic conscience, which instinctively knows which actions and things are human and which are inhuman, and the authoritarian conscience, which encourages us to follow the rules and behaviors taught to us by society and those in power. We will write a custom essay on Summary and Critique of â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When Fromm states that human history was started by disobedience, he argues that this is shown by the Bible’s traditional Adam and Eve story, wherein their disobedience gets them forced out of the Garden paradise and into the cruel reality of the world as we know it. In this, he fails to account for the bias of the Church itself in the story; the story of Adam and Eve is supposed to engender obedience towards ‘God’, and more importantly, at least in the eyes of the Bible’s authors, the Church. As such, disobedience will of course be punished; however human history has shown that obedience has caused far more damage to paradises and societies themselves than disobedience, leading me to think that the start of history was probably an act of obedience leading to the proverbial Garden’s destruction and mankind’s eviction from the ruins, rather than any act of disobedience. Then, Fromm posits that the human conscience is separated into 2: the human and the authoritarian conscience, with the former containing behaviors and rules that are considered ‘human’ while the latter contains the rules and behaviors taught to us by the authorities that govern our society. This is a flawed view simply because such a division would require that both sets of rules and behaviors be fairly exclusive, meaning that what is taught to us by society and its authorities would be considered mostly ‘non-human’ on a ase level by a preexisting set of behaviors, yet humans are by nature social creatures that have been shown to learn most of our basic behaviors and rules from society itself, being born without any real set of predetermined behaviors such as those found in many other animals. As such, there can be no division of the conscience between the behaviors learned from society and a set of instinctive behaviors considered ‘human’ becau se such a set does not exist. Then, Fromm says that authorities must instill obedience among the masses by appearing ‘all-knowing’ or omnipotent and infallible in some way, or lose their power in the long term. However, modern governments would not work if this were true, especially the U. S. Federal Government; we question Congress and the President constantly, yet they still maintain their overall power in our society, regardless of how effective they are in actually using that power. For example, look at the recent government shutdown: the members of Congress managed to get poll averages to 80% against their actions by the time they got their act together and restarted the government, and yet they still maintain their power even after that little fiasco. .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 , .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .postImageUrl , .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 , .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163:hover , .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163:visited , .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163:active { border:0!important; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163:active , .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163 .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2d166947a6d9ab3bbb4a9033ff09163:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tarzan EssayIf an appearance of infallibility was necessary to maintain obedience and thus power, then we wouldn’t have the current system at all in fact; Congress would have lost their collective power after Vietnam, when the general population lost most of their faith in the Federal government, as they also stopped obeying Congress in many ways after that due to their mistrust. Because of this, I believe that infallibility and the appearance of omniscience is not necessary for maintaining obedience, and thereby maintaining power, over the long-term. The exception to this is that if the masses the authorities govern are uneducated, and thus unable to make informed decisions due to a lack of education and worldly awareness, then omniscience and infallibility, or at least the illusions of such, must be maintained to continue to hold power over the long term. Fromm, Erich. Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem.   Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. (2013): 621-626. Print.

Haitian Creole Essays - Greater Antilles, Mulatto, Person Of Color

Haitian Creole Christopher Columbus claimed Haiti when he landed there in 1492. Arawak Indians were the original inhabitants of this island when Columbus arrived. Later, the island became a colony of England. Haiti remained virtually unsettled until the mid-17th century, when French colonists, importing African slaves, developed sugar plantations in the north. Under French rule from 1697, Haiti (then called Saint-Domingue) became one of the world's richest sugar and coffee producers. Soon, Haiti became a land of wealth with the vast use of slavery as their method of production. The rising demand for sugar, coffee, cotton, and tobacco created a greater demand for slaves by other slave trading countries. Spain, France, the Dutch, and English were in competition for the cheap labor needed to work their colonial plantation system producing those lucrative goods. The slave trade was so profitable that, by 1672, the Royal African Company chartered by Charles II of England superseded the other traders and became the richest shipper of human slaves to the mainland of the Americas. The slaves were so valuable to the open market - they were eventually called "Black Gold." Plantation owners began to be represented in the colony either by their agents or plantation managers, who kept them, informed of production levels, profits, expenses, and the general operations of the plantation. The arrogance and conceit of these agents, or procurers, was that they were surrounded by a multitude of domestic slaves to satisfy every want or need of their own. The greater number of domestic slaves one may have entails a great amount of prestige for these people in their time of the early 1700's and no though was given to the immoral ways and acts taken by their race because they though it not an issue. Plantation owners and those of the like continued to be heavily involved in social aspects of culture and the French way of life. Commuting from their authoritatively constructed world of pleasure in France with wealth and prestige combined with the occasional visits to the plantation for business. The life of a plantation owner and those that surround him is of luxury and negative profusion. The Haitians are almost wholly black, with a culture that is a unique mixture of African and French influences. Haiti was a French colony until 1791 when, fired by the example of the French Revolution, the black slaves revolted, massacred the French landowners and proclaimed the world's first black republic. As noted, this is the first revolution of slaves against their owners and their success did not go unnoticed. The treatment of slaves around the globe is quite unjust. Because of the colonization of Haiti by France, the importation of African slaves, and the original inhabitants, the Arawak Indians, three languages were spoken on the island. This sparked a need for a common language between the inhabitants of the island. In fact, a large factor in the success of the Haitian Revolution (1804) was the creation of Haitian Creole through African dialects and French. The fact that the majority of the residents spoke their language made their domination even more prevalent. The language was created through the slavery and the need for communication. The people of Haiti were also aware that Creole was spreading to Jamaica as well and their match had been met. 'Invisible' and anxious to be 'seen' by their masters, the privileged few of the black culture and the mass of freed blacks conceived of visibility through the eyes of their masters' already uncertain vision of life. The slaves of Haiti rose up against their French and mulatto masters in August of 1791. This marked the beginning of the end of one of the greatest wealth-producing slave colonies the world had ever known. The early leaders forming the core of this movement were Boukman Dutty, Jeannot Bullet, Jean-Francois, and George Biassou. Later, slaves armies were commanded by General Toussaint who was eventually betrayed by his officers Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe who opposed his policies. The revolt consisted of long days and nights and the energy to continue to fight and defend their cause. It ended in 1804 and the island of Haiti became a free land without slavery. Haitian Creole preserves much of French phonological, morphological, syntactical, and lexical characteristics, but a merger of both French structural features and West African features characterizes the language. The inflectional system of French is greatly reduced. As with the pidgin languages, which result from the need to communicate with the overseers and those who did not share the same language, this was

Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets

â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† This particular literary work utilizes the theme of Chinese-American life, focusing mainly on a mother-daughter relationship where the mother is an immigrant from China and the daughter is thoroughly Americanized- yellow on the surface and white underneath. The mother tries to convey their rich history and legacy to Jing-Mei, who is almost completely ignorant of their heritage, while the daughter attempts to understand her hopelessly old-fashioned mother, who now seems to harbor a secret wisdom, who in the end, is right about everything all along. Although she is not born and raised in China, as her mother, Jing Mei Woo now has a better understanding of she and her mother’s life. When her mother tells her that she would come of a realization of her Chinese blood, she does not believe it. Living in San Francisco, she had at age fifteen, â€Å"vigorously denied that I had and Chinese whatsoever below my skin†(pg. 168). When her mother speaks of Jing Mei someday understanding where she comes from, Jing Mei as a teenager has vivid imaginations of herself somehow mutating into someone of Chinese orientation. Now she is thirty-six years old. As in real life, maturity occurs from adolescence to adulthood. Jing Mei’s mother has passed away. It isn’t until then that she finally realizes that, â€Å"I have never really known what it really means to be Chinese† (pg. 169). It is at this point that the reader begins to see that Jing Mei is becoming a dynamic character. She has waited a long time to connect with her Chinese heritage. It is only after learning that she has two half-sisters, and of her mother’s wish for them to som eday be united, that Jing-Mei is willing to visit China. Her demeanor transforms from not wanting to know of her Chinese heritage growing up, to possessing a profound interest in the matter as an adult. When they arrive in China, Jing Mei starts to feel that, â€Å"Maybe it is ... Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets 1. â€Å"A Pair Of Tickets† 1989 2. Born in Oakland, CA 1952, author Amy Tan wrote her very first novel â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†, which went on to become a critical success and a best seller. 3. During the war in 1944, Suyuan Woo was subjected to great tragedy. With her twin infants she fled on foot from their home in Kweilin as soon as she learned the Japanese were coming to invade and capture. For many torturous days Suyuan carried her babies with the hope of reaching ChungKing where her husband was stationed. Injured, ill, and exhausted Suyuan knew her body would soon give up and die. She did not want to see her babies suffer and slowly die so she forced herself to abandon the girls, not even a year old, on a road with hope of some caring person finding them to give them the life that she felt she could not. She continued walking with death beside her until she fainted. When she woke she was in a truck driven by rescuers headed toward ChungKing. She went to her husband’s station only to learn that he had been killed two weeks earlier. She become delirious and mad. Hospitalized, she met her future husband Canning Woo. They would later movie to the United States a nd bore one daughter, Jing-Mei. Over 40-years had passed since 1944 and Suyuan was still in search of her Chinese twins. Suyuan passed away without ever knowing her twins, but her hope never died. 4. Descriptions of other character’s in â€Å"A Pair Of Tickets† are as follows:  « Auntie Lindo is an old friend of Suyuan. Auntie Lindo, Auntie Ying, Auntie An-Mei, and Suyuan were all members of The Joy Luck Club.  « Chwun Yu and Chwun Hwa are the twin daughters abandoned by their mother Suyuan in 1944.  « Canning Woo is 72-years old and Suyuan’s current husband. Together they have one daughter named Jing-Mei. Canning’s aunt Aiyi nicknamed him â€Å"Little Wild Goose† when he was a boy. In China the nickname serves as a baby milk name, which is used to discourage ghosts... Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† This particular literary work utilizes the theme of Chinese-American life, focusing mainly on a mother-daughter relationship where the mother is an immigrant from China and the daughter is thoroughly Americanized- yellow on the surface and white underneath. The mother tries to convey their rich history and legacy to Jing-Mei, who is almost completely ignorant of their heritage, while the daughter attempts to understand her hopelessly old-fashioned mother, who now seems to harbor a secret wisdom, who in the end, is right about everything all along. Although she is not born and raised in China, as her mother, Jing Mei Woo now has a better understanding of she and her mother’s life. When her mother tells her that she would come of a realization of her Chinese blood, she does not believe it. Living in San Francisco, she had at age fifteen, â€Å"vigorously denied that I had and Chinese whatsoever below my skin†(pg. 168). When her mother speaks of Jing Mei someday understanding where she comes from, Jing Mei as a teenager has vivid imaginations of herself somehow mutating into someone of Chinese orientation. Now she is thirty-six years old. As in real life, maturity occurs from adolescence to adulthood. Jing Mei’s mother has passed away. It isn’t until then that she finally realizes that, â€Å"I have never really known what it really means to be Chinese† (pg. 169). It is at this point that the reader begins to see that Jing Mei is becoming a dynamic character. She has waited a long time to connect with her Chinese heritage. It is only after learning that she has two half-sisters, and of her mother’s wish for them to so meday be united, that Jing-Mei is willing to visit China. Her demeanor transforms from not wanting to know of her Chinese heritage growing up, to possessing a profound interest in the matter as an adult. When they arrive in China, Jing Mei starts to feel that, â€Å"Maybe it is ...

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present Book Essay

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present Book Report Guidelines - Essay Example Buck has lived with the Millers’ since his birth, a factor that explains why he is very close to the children and grandchildren of the judge. In that family, he received good nutrition and care (London 12). He was a leader in taking care of the Millers’ house. However, in the same house, he met a gardener, Manuel, who eventually gave him up to the people travelling to the north in search of gold. These people needed dogs to pull sleds of their luggage as they travelled. After Buck became the property of a new owner, he received a thorough beating until he lost consciousness. After a long journey, and starving long, they got to Seattle. The torture through beating and hunger had made him overly furious, prompting him to make an inner determination that he would never allow his new masters to tie him with a rope. His new master in Seattle hit Buck with a club, a level of violence he had not experienced in his previous life (14). Apparently, in this chapter, there is a tra nsition of the relationship between Buck and human beings. At the beginning, the dog finds a measure of pleasure in living with people. However, the friendly relationship with humans ceases when he gets into the hands of the men heading north. These people have little concern for the dignity of animals, and they torture and starve the dog. In addition, his new master in Seattle hits Buck with a club to the level of submission. As the relationship changes, Buck’s attitude towards human beings changes because he begins to realize that humans can be his enemies. This change arouses other attributes as he adjusts to the new life. Chapter 2 In chapter two, the author describes the new situations that define Buck’s new life. One of the shocking events that he witnesses was the death of Curly, after an attack by fellow dogs. Buck begins to learn the skill of pulling sled alongside other dogs (17). Contrary to his life before, he realizes the need to eat fast and even to steal more food. He does not seem to understand why the other dogs have the willingness to work wholeheartedly. Contrary to his former home at Judge Miller’s, Buck does not find a comfortable place to spend his night because of the northern snowy conditions. Buck had to readjust to the new conditions in multiple ways. He had to abandon his old lifestyle in a civilized world, and bring out his wild nature. With the changing conditions, the relationship of humans and the dogs has to change. He brought back to memory his instinctive nature previously exhibited by his ancestors. He had started to live in a primitive world where only the strong ones could survive amidst harsh working conditions defined by the whip and the club. The relationship between the dogs and the people only keeps getting worse. To his surprise, Buck also realizes that even dogs were their own enemies as it became evident in the case of Curly. Chapter 3 Chapter three of the book concentrates on describing the riv alry existing between Buck and Spitz. Apparently, Spitz is the leader of the pack of several dogs pulling sled in northern snow and throughout the entire journey (22). The rivalry between Spitz and Buck advances as Buck uses his wit by ganging up with the weaker dogs in a bid to demonstrate

Population based nursing care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population based nursing care - Essay Example These endeavors are not aimed at a selected group of people or are characteristic of individualized care; rather it is aimed to make the health status of the entire identified populations better (Maurer & Smith, 2005). A point to be noted is that the term based here does not refer to any place or a setting. On the contrary, it means that on which care is going to be provided (Maurer & Smith, 2005). The main purpose of public-based care is to provide the community healthcare in conditions that are deemed as healthy by the people. Moreover it constitutes organized endeavors aimed for the population as a whole. Generally community is regarded as a group of people with some element common to them. Community derives from the Latin munus, meaning gift, and cum, meaning together (â€Å"Community†, 2010). Therefore it community is a group of people with some shared interests. More specifically, it is defined as a group of people who live together, have the same government ruling them and common cultural and historical heritage (Hart, 1998). Description of a community usually entails a peaceful, egalitarian social form, sharing their values and life and engaged in a social interaction (â€Å"Community†, 2010). In order to provide care to the community, one needs to use the available resources and the assets of the population on the defined community and to evaluate the capability of that community to meet the required health targets (â€Å"Population-Based†, 2003). In order to provide population-based care, one needs to identify and take into account the health determinants that can impact the delivery of healthcare. Such determinants can be social, environmental and behavioral. The provision of population-based care also necessitates the identification of issues that are pertinent to the delivery of healthcare in the population and can subsequently affect the health outcomes. Nurses and healthcare

Art market and How does it influence the production of contemporary Essay

Art market and How does it influence the production of contemporary art - Essay Example The essay "Art market and How does it influence the production of contemporary art" discusses what influence has art market on the production of contemporary art. Art therefore has always had something to do with financial compensation, as Colin Painter has pointed out. Serious art’s criticality is....both economic and ideological. What sustains its specific character and social value is its political economy. The serious art world is at core an argument about value. It is an argument about aesthetic, moral, social and political or whatever value but it is also, and indissolubly, an argument about financial value. The art market then, deals with the buying and selling of art and has its set of players just as in any area of commerce. Tyler Cowen aptly interprets art in its economic aspects. Art markets consist of artists, consumers, and middlemen, or distributors. Artists work to achieve self-fulfillment, fame, and niches. The complex motivations behind artistic creation inclu de love of the beautiful, love of money, love of fame, personal arrogance, and inner compulsions. ..Consumers and patrons stand as the artist’s silent partners..... consumer and patron demands for artworks finance the market....Distributors bring together producer and consumer......The resultant meeting of supply and demand fuels the creative drive and disseminates its results. ...Creators respond to both internal and external forces. Internal forces include the artist’s love of creating, demands for money and fame.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For New Airport Project Construction Essay

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For New Airport Project Construction Essay This Airport link project between The Government of Perak and the Sungai Siput City council is identified as one of the number of strategic major transport elements of the motorway-standard road network of Sungai Siput and is part of the strategy to improve the efficiency of Sungai Siput road network. The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is to investigate, assess the principal environmental concern associated, and for conducting the work of the environmental impact assessment for the proposed Cucumber Island International Airport. This report will identifies the major environmental issues which are considered in relationship to the significant effects of the development during construction and operations work. The scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study covers both of the construction phase and the operational stage of the Cucumber Island international Airport, investigating and analyzing The effect because of aircraft noise to the near institution and residential areas. Increase traffic congestion in the airport approaches. Increase risk from aircraft accidents in populated areas along the flight path Ambient air and water quality Hydrogeology Impact on flora and fauna Social perception and Emergency preparedness The Project Sponsor commissioned A. Pascual environmental Services and Consultant Perak, Inc to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIS) Report after considered all properly made and other submission about the EIS and supplementary Report and other advice from agencies, including the department of Department of Main Roads, Directorate General of Air Communication, Department of Health, The environmental Protection Agency and Sungai Siput City Transport. Description of the Project The Project consists of the design, financing, operation and construction of a new international airport passenger terminal official called Cucumber Island International Airport. Located in the middle of Perak and between the Kuala Kangsar and Ipoh. So it was the very suitable place to build the new airport. The proposed new terminal will replace the existing Ipoh International Airport. The problem with the Ipoh International airport is it only can maximum capacity of 5,000,000 passengers per year had already been exceed by 1990. The Perak Government has decided that Cucumber Island International Airport will be located on approximately 70 hectare (ha) within Taiping Airbase, which is under the territorial jurisdiction of Sungai Siput. The Cucumber Island International Airport will replace the Ipoh International Airport, which will be closed upon commercial of Cucumber International Airport and it will designed to handle a maximum of 10,000,000 passengers of Sungai Siput. The proposed schedule for implementation of Cucumber Island International Airport is as follow: Activity Time table Start of Construction January 2011 Completion of Construction December 2013 Start of testing and Commissioning January 2014 Completion of Testing and Commissioning March 2014 Start of Commercial Operation May 2014 Description of the Environment Physical Resources Sungai Siput City is situated on coastal plain with only a slight of up to 2 percent. It is generally affected by tectonic earthquakes generated by the Casiguran Fault East Luzon Trench. These tremors are normally felt with an intensity ranging from 4 to 7 on the Rossi-Forrel scale, with most being 4. The noise during the day time in the vicinity of the site presently average approximately 64 decibels (dB[A]), and the nighttime average level is 53 dB(A). The Perak standard of noise level in residential areas are 55 dB(A) for daytime, and 43 dB(A) for nighttime. Because of this place is near with many mountains around 10 Km so the temperature ranges around 25 °C in January and February to around 35 °C in April and May. In the vicinity, the groundwater table ranges from 1.0 to 7.5 meters from the ground surface. The main river is Perak river. Sampling conducted in September 2010 revealed that the surface water quality is below Malaysia standard. Ecological Resources There are no fishpond, nor is there active fishing in the vicinity of the project site. The near fishing came around 25km which so far from the airport. The only conspicuous form of wildlife are birds (mostly sparrow) but there are no forest near the project site so there are no endangered species flora and fauna. In 2000, the place be the recreation because the have the very large lack with the crystal clear water as 15km from the airport area. So the airport will be the one of the treasure thing and can interact other people to go there. 3) Human and Economics development In the 2007, the total of population, 300000 were males and 129850 were females, but the population of Sungai Siput City Perak was registered at 458850 of whom 29000 were relocated from squatter area, so resulting in a net population of 429850. The average population density was more than 22000 persons per square kilometer. There were only 50000 household, with an average of five persons each, smaller than the regional average of ten. As 2007 only 85 percent was employed, with the fairly high population enrolment at an average of 87 percent. The dominant economics activity in Sungai Siput City mostly involved in services activity. The water supply of Sungai Siput City come from the Lembaga Air Berhad. So, around 90 percent population have water supply. Electric power is supplied by the Tenaga National Berhad. In terms of land use, the Cucumber Island International Airport will be located at the largest area in Sungai Siput City. The detail of temporary arrangements will become the responsibility of the contractor during the construction planning, so other plan will create to avoid the spoil in transport, noise, dust, and traffic problem. Quality of Life a) Housing Perak Government will need to build 20000 housing units. In addition to 7000 double-up families that need separate need housing so they need dwelling. In addition, there are some 29000 families indentified who need relocation or whose present dwelling units are dire need to upgrading. b) Education In Sungai Siput area, has 15 public elementary school, plus 22 private school 5 public secondary school. There also have one Matriculation College, two private college and one public university. There are also four private vocational school. So for the future, after this project are build, there is no problem and no worries for the new families who want to live around the Airport because this plan have a very quality of education. c) Skill and Per Capita Income Most of the resident in Sungai Siput City and the village near the city were employed in the Government (45), 20 percent being self employed, 12 percent in the private business sector and 22 housekeeping, and the rest is un employment. The income ranging for the household from RM2000 to RM4000 and only 5 percent had an average monthly income of less than RM500. d) Public Health Sungai Siput City has 5 hospital including 2 government hospital, Sungai Siput General Hospital, and the Lintang General Hospital. Because of the Cucumber Island International Airport allocated in the middle of Ipoh City and Kuala Kangsar City, so they have a lot hospital added from both city. With 8 government health centered staffed by 10 physicians, 50 nurse, 20 dentist, and 30 midwives. The five leading causes of morbidity in Sungai Siput City are diseases of the heart, traumatic injuries, tuberculosis, neoplasm, and senility. The birth rate in Sungai Siput City is recorded at 3.5 per 10000 population, while the death rate is 5.1 per 1000 population. f) Archeological or history Treasures There are no known archeological or history treasure within the project site. . Anticipated Environment Impact and Mitigation Measures This proposed project will include such as foundation treatment, roads and facilities building, container yard, as well as lighting, facilities for water supply and other as a major construction element. Some negative externalities for example pollution also have been created during the construction period such as engineering waste water, dust, mechanical noise, and construction waste. Other Environmental impacts are anticipated during both the construction stage and the operational stage for this new airport and some of the pollution prevention and other requirements that can increase this negative externalities by the both of stage to a minimum. a) Construction Stage Perak river are not expected to adversely affect during the construction work such as soil excavation, building construction, and ground preparation. The projects estimated the water requirement of 1000 cubic meters (m ³) but it will nor affect the supply water to the resident of Sungai Siput City and the near City. Two new pumping will be operating and it will adding 1500 million liters per day of water supply. The air quality within the vicinity is already above the Malaysia standard. Although the soil excavation, ground preparation, and concreting activities will increase the air quality level but a comprehensive system of to be used and it will mitigate the impact. According to this project, construction activity will generate the employment opportunities and other sources of income for the resident of Sungai Siput City will be generated. Since no combustible material will be used, and no fires will be ignited so it will hardly be any fire hazard. Solid waste from the construction and generated by some 700 workers will be disposed of daily by Sungai Siput City garbage trucks. Monitoring during construction stage will be responsibility of Directorate General of Air Communication. (DGAC) on site. The project administration assisted by the supervisory and inspection force of the consultant for supervision. The result of the environmental monitoring process will be prepared by the supervision consultant to ensure the construction contractor carries out the necessary control and mitigation and will be contained in monthly and it will be sent to DGAC central office in Kuala Lumpur and to the central Bank for review. b) Operational Stage The increase in air quality standard within the vicinity will be generated during the operation. The terminal building will be fully air-condition and filtration system will be regularly checked and cleaned the dust. According to monitoring data concerning water quality at locations site both off and on around the airport will be obtained also a monthly, the DGAC also will carry out the environmental monitoring work during the operational phase of the project. The aircraft movements will be increased the noise level. Surface construction work also may generate excessive levels of noise, vibration, or dust would be restricted to the hours of the 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Monday to Saturday, with no work on Sundays or Public Holidays. Special circumstances where above ground surface works may be conducted outside these hours might include works on arterial roads, works in rail corridors, and works involving large prefabricated components. However, flights are normally schedule during day time. So to minimize noise description to settlement relatively dear to Cucumber Island International Airport, not more than two flights will move and must be before 10 pm. Thus, no breach of acceptable airport noise standard will take place. Further, the flight path of aircraft will not be over population areas. Although when a road-header is used, vibration, noise, and dust level are likely to be low and imperceptible in building above the tunnel but this will only occur during the day and be for short period. The noise also will be report monthly. This some example are to be taken to reduce the impact of this project, they use the advanced equipment and technologies of low noise which is can reduce the noise, the percussion piling machine be prohibited and the working time schedule also will be arranged rationally. Cucumber Island International Airport will have its own sewerage treatment plant, which before discharging them into the Perak River, they will properly treat effluents first in accordance with Malaysia standard. An agreement will be develop by DGAC by which any changes in land use in the restricted zones of the land use plan adopted to control the area around this new airport must ne submitted to airport operator for review and concurrence to prior approval. This new airport project will created 100000 jobs, so the commercial operation may cause a mild migration o potential job seekers to Sungai Siput City. This project also can be a substantial additional revenues to both the local government of Sungai Siput City and national government. Over a 15 period, it is estimated hat the project will add some RM 25 million to the tax collection of Sungai Siput City and RM 300 million to the national government. The risk of air craft accidents will be minimized through continuing improvements in surveillance facilities and employment of highly trained personnel and it can reduced if one considers that aircraft flight patterns are largely over low density settlements E. Alternatives On physical environment site, there is no effect either positive or negative if the Cucumber Island International Airport. But it also will no adverse impact would suffered by the adjoining city institution. However , this would result in congestion of passenger and eventual loss revenues to the National and local government, The Sungai Siput City and the national government will lost as RM 325 million of revenues from tax in 15 years if the new airport was build. This City also will lost the good way to create a new job and at the same time can reduce unemployment at that area. If Cucumber Island International Airport were not to be set up at the propose site, the permanent structures such as the elementary school, the community center, the church, at their present site, but the school communities (relevant Parents and Citizens Association, student, parent and Education Sungai Siput) have identified a number of physical improvements to the existing school to mitigate perceived impacts especially at the Kuala Kangsar State High School, Malay College Kuala Kangsar, Angel Maria Convent in Sungai Siput. Suggested measures proposed by submitters include air conditioning, improved sport facilities and set down areas and other facilities. The Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA) which owns the site proposed project, definitely plan want to develop the area into o commercial center. Hence, the problem such as air pollution and noise levels, will increase due to vehicular emissions, increase in domestic air flights and heavy traffic flow even without the this International Airport project. F. Cost Benefit Analysis In conducting the cost-benefit analysis of the proposed Cucumber Island International Airport, the Financial prepared by NSR Financial Consultant was used. For the cost item, the estimated total project cost of RM500 millions was used. The total project cost includes the total cost of facilities, the mosque, and community center, estimated as RM6 million, cost of provision of a car park building RM20 million, road access improvement, and other cost such as cost of the Fire Prevention Plan, sewerage and drainage system, estimate at RM2 million. In terms of the benefit, the internal rate return and the net present value are calculated as 25 percent and RM505.5 million, respectively. The direct negative sociological impacts of Cucumber Island International Airport will relate primarily to Temins Village. There will be a significant displacement of or change in neighborhood composition Third street, Trosor street and cool water avenue. The residents will also facilities such as: Sungai Siput City South High School Cucumber Elementary School Community College of Sungai Siput Village Health Center and the gymnasium At-Taawuniah mosque There will be some direct costs related to the relocation of effected residences and facilities. This facilities will also be temporarily subjected to nuisances associated with major construction, including dust, traffic problem, increase in noise level and other similar effects. On the permanent basis site, the noise and traffic from terminal activities will cause some disturbances, However, the project will result in several beneficial impacts on both a temporary and a permanent basis. Construction will require approximately 700 laborers of varying trade and sill levels. The foreign exchange reserves of the country will be improve because of the foreign exchange inflow of RM300 million. There will also have some positive impact on welfare and unemployment. About 65 percent of the labor would require no specific skills or training. It is estimated that the facility will spend about RM25 million per year on direct purchase. Based on this amount each year, the total direct and indirect contribution of the facility to the Malaysia economy will be about RM11 million per year, and that RM25 millions will help the production and sales many local industries. Due to this project at least RM 37million will be generated from tourism and all revenue will act as long-term source of revenue. Cucumber Island International Airport will accommodated an average of 7000 arriving and departing international passengers per day. G. Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Program During the whole Project Cycle, when construction stage and operational stage, regular monitoring will be undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the mitigating measures being implemented to minimize the adverse impact of the project activities. The parameters also will be undertaken regularly and continuously in order to monitoring of noise, air and water quality. This Cucumber Island International Airport will result in negative impact from construction activity over approximately four years. However, it is clear type, intensity and scale of the impacts are reasonably typical of inner city construction sites, and are of a nature that the construction industry is adept at managing . Monitoring will also cover i) Performance of the facility after construction, ii) verification of proper effluent at the facility iii) yearly physical testing of the project area iv) traffic management v) proper solid waste disposal. H. Public Involvement A social perception survey was conducted by a joint group of social scientist from the University Putra Malaysia and Malaysia Engineering college for this project. The survey was undertaken among the resident of the city and village around the proposed area. Base on the interview with the Chairperson of BCDA on August 2010, the following information was confirmed: To avoid exposure from the resident to any air transport-related accidents. It is necessary to relocate the school, mosque, and existing community center from their present site to an area farther away from the project. The PAF Command has agreed to relocation the some families presently occupying the apartment building. The new relocation will have high-rise condominiums that will be offered for sale at concessional rates. The Department of Education, Culture and Sport (DECS) also agreed to the suggestion to transfer of the affected schools to the proposed relocation site. The representatives of the mosque also agreed to the transfer of the mosque to the proposed relocation site. I. Conclusion and recommendation As this Cucumber Island International Airport will be located within the Ipoh City and Kuula Kangsar the Royal city, so its project place is feasible. The option to control all the measures proposed and the pollution from this project are reliable and shown the contractor and the management team very responsibility for all the negative effect during the construction and operation stage. and Implementation of the Cucumber Island International Airport will provide the facility that could adequate accommodate 10,000,000 passengers annually for the country and is expected to increase the tourism potential of the country especially Perak is one of the good travel place in Malaysia. So this new Airport can make the tourist easier to came straight from their country. New job also will increase from the proposed Project estimate to be 1700 (direct labor 700, indirect labor 1000) and 11000 person during operation which is can decrease unemployment. The Malaysia Government is guaranteed to earn a total of RM 15 million from the operation of the Cucumber Island International Airport Project. But the Project will pay back trough the annual income tax of approximately RM 25 million, while income tax to be paid by roughly 18000 employment opportunities with the total around RM 12 million annually. Initially, incremental foreign exchange is RM300 million loan. During commercial operation of this proposed project will added foreign exchange inflows will come from 7,000,000 arriving passengers, the estimate revenue is 700 million if the average expenditure is RM1000 per arriving passenger. The proposed Cucumber Island International Airport will definitely be to public advantage. The major benefit will be socioeconomic and financial economic. Although, the primary long-range effects on the physical environment include the relocation of several houses on Third street, Trosor street and cool water avenue due to road widening, and several institutions such as Sungai Siput City South High School, Cucumber Elementary School, Community College of Sungai Siput, Village Center and Gymnasium, and At-Taawunniah mosque but all relocation are already discussed with the residents. Finally, the resident of Lintangs village where the ones that very near with the proposed Project will be subjected to permanent increase in noise level that generating from the container bridges and container bridges and trailers, forklift and etc. However, in terms of level time of occurrence, and distribution will not a cause a major impact and will disappear upon the project is complete but they will m easure as a regular maintenance. The construction of the proposed Project will assure optimum use of a section of unused land owned by BCDA and the will result just in a few limited temporary environmental adverse effect. The first three years of operation and to cover the construction phase, a simple monitoring program is needed. This will be prepared during the design phase of the project by the engineering and adopted by DGAC. It will then be implementing during project construction by the administration assisted by the engineering consultant and the staff operating the airport during airport operation. The monitoring program will be supervised by the Directorate of Engineering of DGAC.

Dsm-Iv Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa DSM-IV Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa A) Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height. Weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight less than 85% of that expected; or failure to make weight gain during period of growth leading to body weight less than 85% of that expected. B) Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even though under -weight. C) Disturbance in the way one’s body weight or shape is experienced undue influence of body weight on self -evaluation or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight. DSM-IV) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual contains 3 eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Although Anorexia Nervosa (AN) will be the focus of this report it is worth noting the 3 disorders are very similar and in fact Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified is the name given to the disorder when only 1 criterion for AN is missing f or example if a patients weight loss is still in the normal range despite significant weight loss or if a patient still menstruates.Bulimia Nervosa is when the patient excessively over-eats and purges but does not experience significant weight loss. (Franco 2012) Main Symptoms The main symptom is extreme thinness that has no medical cause and usually a pre-occupation with food. AN seems like a physical illness when in fact it is a psychological one. Heart-rhythm disturbances digestive abnormalities bone density loss anemia and hormonal and electrolyte imbalances are the most common physical symptoms and in severe cases organ failure can lead to death.The patient will very rarely present to the Doctor for treatment alone due to denial of having a problem being an intrinsic part of the illness. Young patients will often be taken to the Doctor by a concerned parent with the usual symptoms being a sudden withdrawal from family or friends and a lack of interest in formerly enjoyed activi ties as well as significant weight loss. (Phillips 2010)Bulimia and AN go hand in hand with many overlapping symptoms such as disordered thinking. Up to 50% of patients with AN develop bulimia and a smaller percentage of patients who are initially bulimic develop AN. † (Franco) AN sufferers have an extremely distorted perception of themselves. Where others may see a once beautiful girl wasting away the patient may perceive that she is succeeding at looking after herself and has enormous self -control that others lack. (Watters 2010) Men or boys who have AN tend to have other psychological problems while women and girls are more likely to be perfectionist and displeased with their bodies. Dryden-Edwards 2012) Bio-Psycho-Social Factors AN is the most obvious physically but attempting to treat just the biological symptoms will have little long term effect. Studies suggest social factors are what cause AN and indeed AN is little known in non-industrialised countries that do not su bscribe to a Hollywood ideal of beauty which is easy to see is unattainable by the average person due to the unrealness of it. Not even the celebrities look like their on-screen personas in real life thanks to photo shopping and professional make-up artists.It’s good to see Australian teen magazines are helping their target audience develop a healthy body image by having something called â€Å"a reality check alert†. If the magazine is sent a celeb picture that has already been re-touched they will print a little disclaimer next to it reminding their readers it’s not natural. A healthy body image is the first step to preventing AN and Bulimia. Edward Shorter a medical historian working today believes that illnesses like AN â€Å"are a culturally agreed-upon expression of internal distress’.Richard Gordon writes in Eating Disorders-Anatomy of a Social Epidemic â€Å"Individuals with pre-existing mood or anxiety disorders or a whole host of under-lying ps ychopathologies or developmental vulnerabilities histories of sexual abuse or familial concerns with weight control may be pre-disposed to adopting such culturally sanctioned behaviours as modes of managing unbearable levels of distress. † (Watters 2010) This means that social factors are probably the most important aspect of why this particular illness developed but the propensity to develop a culturally specific disorder came from psychological issues.This does not make the illness any less real or deserving of medical care just that practitioners need to develop a care plan based on a holistic approach and recognise that the starvation is secondary to psychological issues. The quotes are not meant to downplay the role body image has in the illness but there may be more at stake than poor body image that the sufferer has poorly defined feelings of inadequacy that find a culturally recognised home in AN. AN has the highest incidence of suicide than any other mental illness an d sufferers are 32 more times likely than average to commit suicide. Butterfly Foundation) Past Treatment Anorexia-type symptoms began presenting to doctors in adolescent girls during the 1850’s at the height of the Hysteria epidemic. At first it was a strange manifestation of the well -known women’s illness (well known at the time-it has disappeared from the medical canon today) but by 1860 it was becoming common for young women to starve themselves. In 1873 the model for AN that we would recognise today became well known but with the name Hysterical Anorexia.Treatment was usually hospitalisation with Doctors reporting being perplexed that their patients did not seem to want to get well. Treatments in the 1970’s tended to conform to the medical model with enforced hospitalisation and force feeding. (Watters 2010) Today’s Treatment Today individual and family counselling is just as important as nutrition education. Many sufferers display perfectionist ten dancies so Cognitive Behavioral Therapy seems to be the most effective treatment in helping sufferers understand their irrational thought patterns.The average patient suffers from AN for 7 years and while 5% of the population may have AN at any time the illness has a 15%-20% mortality rate (Butterfly Foundation) which makes it the highest mortality rate of any mental illness so early detection and treatment is essential for a positive prognosis. Significant Behaviours One of the hardest behaviours for family and friends of sufferers to understand or come to terms with is the patients preoccupation with food but refusal to eat it.The sufferer shows signs of being compulsive when it comes to food working out how many calories each portion of food contains and devising a diet and slavishly sticking to it and punishing themselves if they eat too much for example an unplanned piece of birthday cake. AN sufferers are often addicted to exercise and will exercise up to 6 hours a day. AN suf feres necessarily have to lie to family and friends about their behaviour and this can create another level of strain on the patient as they are often high achievers and â€Å"good girls† and in fact sufferers redominately come from the middle and upper socio-economic classes and more often than not have high levels of academic success. (Dryden-Edwards 2012) Personal Qualities and Professional Skills As a case worker one needs to be prepared to work with family and friends of your client in a way that you may feel conflicts with confidentiality issues. The important thing is keeping your client alive while helping her find a psychiatrist or psychologist who can help her get to the bottom of the underlying issues.A lot of patience will be required on a personal level and if you feel the impulse to grab your client and shake her and cry â€Å"why won’t you eat dammit† perhaps a little research won’t go astray. The otherside to that is not to become too emot ionally involved. Hopefully her family and friends are a strong support but otherwise find out about support groups for your client but beware the â€Å"pro-ana† groups’ that are trying to turn an illness that claims many beautiful young people and turn it into a lifestyle choice. 1225 words References and Bibliography â€Å"Mum Please Help† Phillips Karen Webster Irina MD.Clearview Books 2010. â€Å"Crazy like us- The Globalization of the American Psyche† Watters Ethan. Free Press 2010 â€Å"Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology† Oltmanns Thomas F. Neale John M. Davison Gerald C. John Wiley & Sons 2003 â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† Dryden Edwards Roxanne MD http:www. medicinet. com Retrieved 10/11/2012 â€Å"Eating Disorders† Franco Kathleen N. http: www. clevelandclinicmeded. com Retrieved 10/11/2012 â€Å"DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa† Taken from DSM-IV http: www. medicalcriteria. com Created 3/7/2005 Retrieved 10/ 11/2012 www. butterfly foundation. com Site dedicated to education about Anorexia

Focus Group Guide Essay

Lenora Lubega Introduction Hello, my name is Lenora Lubega and I would like to welcome all of you to our focus discussion group. I will be the moderator. Our purpose for meeting today is to discuss ‘hands-free’ cellular telephone use while driving in the State of Tennessee, and to get your feedback on how you feel about the driving while using a cellular device. This focus group’s intent is to openly and discuss the question: â€Å"Should the State of Tennessee require ‘hands-free’ cellular phone use in automobiles? Everyone here this evening is an automobile driver living in the State of Tennessee. This will be a short discussion that will require an hour and thirty minutes of your time to complete. Our time will be very limited; and we will not take a break. The restrooms are conveniently located at either end of the hall. I would like to remind you that this session is highly confidential. Once this session ends, no one’s name will be used in any way outside of this group. Everyone signed consent forms to participate in tonight’s discussion. If there is anyone here that has not signed a consent form, please do so before we began tonight’s discussion or you will not be allowed to participate in this discussion group. For transcription purposes of the discussion there will be an audio recording. I will listen to the recording and prepare my final summary of our focus group accordingly. This will be an informal discussion group. You are encouraged to ask any questions or make any comments that you feel are pertinent to our discussion. Please speak freely, and if anything is unclear, please ask. The intent of this focus group is to ask, listen, and observe. As stated in the consent, please keep everyone’s identities and response confidential once you leave the group. We want to encourage oneness and honesty for everyone involved. We will begin this discussion by finding out a little bit more about each another. If I could have everyone give their name or a nickname, your occupation, and the type of cell phone that you own. I will go first and we will proceed to my right. Data Collection Warm-up Discussion: If you could take out a piece of paper and write a short paragraph on an experience you have had in dealing with drivers who are distracted by the use of a cell phone. Next I will like to ask if you, yourself us a hands free device with your cell phone? Have you used any of the newer apps that allow you to talk and text? Is it burdensome or easy to do? Does your car have a synchronizing device? How often do you us it? Secondary Research: An estimated 3,092 traffic fatalities in 2010 were blamed on distracted drivers, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. More than one in six drivers send text messages while driving, and nearly half of drivers less than 25 years old are doing it, according to a NHTSA survey released last week. â€Å"This is becoming the new DUI,† said Robert Sumwalt, a member of the safety board. â€Å"It’s becoming an epidemic. † The District of Columbia and 35 states ban text messaging for all drivers, according to the Governors Highway Safety Association. They should be made to us a hands free device or something of the like Tasha Fider: I would create a standardized audio output jack, not unlike the one available for iPods and iPhones today (which is actually a data jack), and mandate that all mobile phone manufacturers have it on each new phone that is created. Moreover, I would mandate that all future automobiles have a docking system that is adaptable to any kind of phone whatsoever. I would even mandate that current cars still on the line right now be fitted for such a docking system. I know it would be a hassle, and would put a few more dollars on everyone’s monthly car note, but I am considering the safety of our future. Anything that saves lives is worth the effort as well as the money invested into creating the technology. Renee Partida: my opinion is simple, there is no need to be using your cell phone whether text or calling or face booking while driving. I think people should us a hands-free devices they were made for that reason. I’ve seen too many people hurt while driving using their cell phones. I was in the car with a girl that dropped her’s and while driving tried to pick it up. Ruth Ellen Galgano: Once I was driving down 65 north bound and saw this lady on her phone. She was clam but as soon as the kids started fighting she became very distracted with driving. There are so many things that can and will distract driving we don’t need to have one more and cells phones are adding another problem to the long list that already exist. I would love to see the law changed on this issue. Jessica McClanahan I use to live in NY, all use of cell phones while driving is against the law including calling and text. I just honestly want to be allowed to slap idiots that know it’s against the law yet do so and I see them make several driving mistakes that only underage drivers should make like cutting someone off and not making a complete stop at stop signs. They should get their licenses revoked and cell phones stomped on! Tabitha Jerome: (She did not show up. We waited for ? hour but she never came) Specific Discussion Richard Johnson 1. How do you currently view driving while talking on the cell phone without a hands-free device? Yes, I was planning to by one but have not gotten around to it. 2. Does talking on a phone while driving seem safe, or can it lead to low driving performance? Not all the time. Why? When I am dialing the number I often find that I am not in my lane and have come very close to having an accident from time to time. Why not? 3. Of the different things involved with making or receiving a call, which task contributes most to bad driving? Making the call. You must look at the phone to dial the number and that causes your attention to be taken off the road. 4. Is it searching for the phone? Not for me, I often have my phone in the middle of the car. What about dialing? Yes, that is my biggest issue. Talking? No, I use speaker phone. Is it hanging up? No I simply let the other person hang up and my phone will hang up automattly. Or receiving the call? Sometime. 5. How do you feel the state of Tennessee should respond? Laws must be made and enforced. The issue is most driving laws are never enforced here. 6. Should the state mandate hands-free devices for driving? Why do you feel the way you do? Yes, but the phone companies need to do something to help with the cost to the customer. 7. Do you think a hands-free device would make a difference in road safety? Not really. How so? Most people will not use it if it is user friendly. Tasha Fider 1. How do you currently view driving while talking on the cell phone without a hands-free device? Dangerous 2. Does talking on a phone while driving seem safe, or can it lead to low driving performance? No *she did not give any more info, she did not seem to want to be here* 3. Of the different things involved with making or receiving a call, which task contributes most to bad driving? Both 4. Is it searching for the phone? Yes What about dialing? Yes, I think so. Talking? Yes, for sure. Is it hanging up? Yes it can be. Or receiving the call? No 5. How do you feel the state of Tennessee should respond? It is hard to say, I don’t agree with making laws to do so. We are force to do everything. I think we should be able to drive safe. 6. Should the state mandate hands-free devices for driving? Why do you feel the way you do? No they should not. I don’t like the government telling me what I can or cannot do. 7. Do you think a hands-free device would make a difference in road safety? How so? Yes, it could help but only if it is used. Renee Partida 1. How do you currently view driving while talking on the cell phone without a hands-free device? I view it as a health hazard 2. Does talking on a phone while driving seem safe, or can it lead to low driving performance? It is not safe. It can and has killed people and I think a person doing it should be charged with murder. It is not safe. Why? It kills. Why not? 3. Of the different things involved with making or receiving a call, which task contributes most to bad driving? Making the call, although, answering the phone can be just as dangerous. 4. Is it searching for the phone? Yes What about dialing? Yes Talking? Yes Is it hanging up? Yes Or receiving the call? Yes, all these things contribute to unsafe driving. 5. How do you feel the state of Tennessee should respond? Laws need to be enforced. 6. Should the state mandate hands-free devices for driving? Why do you feel the way you do? Yes they should. I hate to see people killed by stupid things people do that are so very avoidable. 7. Do you think a hands-free device would make a difference in road safety? How so? I do. If people use them the danger would be lessened. Ruth Ellen Galgano 1. How do you currently view driving while talking on the cell phone without a hands-free device? I find that if a person is responsible they can do it without any issues. The problem comes in when you have people who are not responsible. Most of the time, I find that people will do one of two things, ignore the call or take it. If they take it, they will cause an accident. 2. Does talking on a phone while driving seem safe, or can it lead to low driving performance? Why? Why not? It seems safe as long as the person is paying attention to the road and not the call. A lot of what we do on the phone is for fun, it is only when the call is serious that it can be a problem. Their attention is turned to the call and not the road. 3. Of the different things involved with making or receiving a call, which task contributes most to bad driving? I would have to say, making the call. 4. Is it searching for the phone? Not really What about dialing? Yes, that is the big problem. You cannot watch the road and dial a number at the same time. Talking? Not really. Is it hanging up? I don’t think so. Or receiving the call? It can really be hard to take a call while driving. Sometime the phone can fall on the floor of the car and you try to pick it up. 5. How do you feel the state of Tennessee should respond? I think we should allow people to do what’s right and not make any new laws at this time. Although the statistic show more people die from using the phone I think it would be safe if we just use caution. 6. Should the state mandate hands-free devices for driving? No Why do you feel the way you do? I just don’t like it when I am told, by law, what to do. 7. Do you think a hands-free device would make a difference in road safety? It might if the person uses. How so? If the person never uses it what would be the point? Jessica McClanahan 1. How do you currently view driving while talking on the cell phone without a hands-free device? It is a dangerous practice, to say the least. I know different states are different, but I think TN says it is not legal to do it without a hands-free device. 2. Does talking on a phone while driving seem safe, or can it lead to low driving performance? Why? Why not? It does not seem safe, and it can lead to low driving performance, since full attention is not given to all the hands and foot motion of driving (not to mention attention to the surroundings) 3. Of the different things involved with making or receiving a call, which task contributes most to bad driving? I think making a call contributes most to bad driving 4. Is it searching for the phone? What about dialing? Talking? Is it hanging up? Or receiving the call? Dialing 5. How do you feel the state of Tennessee should respond? The state should mandate mobile phone manufacturers to make a safety modification to all new phones 6. Should the state mandate hands-free devices for driving? Why do you feel the way you do? Yes. It should also impose stiff penalties for those who do not comply. The state is responsible for the safety of its citizens. 7. Do you think a hands-free device would make a difference in road safety? How so? Yes I do. It would save lives. Tabitha Jerome (She did not show up. We waited for ? hour but she never came) 1. How do you currently view driving while talking on the cell phone without a hands-free device? 2. Does talking on a phone while driving seem safe, or can it lead to low driving performance? Why? Why not? 3. Of the different things involved with making or receiving a call, which task contributes most to bad driving? 4. Is it searching for the phone? What about dialing? Talking? Is it hanging up? Or receiving the call? 5. How do you feel the state of Tennessee should respond? 6. Should the state mandate hands-free devices for driving? Why do you feel the way you do? 7. Do you think a hands-free device would make a difference in road safety? How so? Summary We are at the end of our discussion. Today we have shared our personal views in detail on this topic. With all our newly acquired information, together with our personal feelings, let us imagine the president of AAA entering this room. Let us each give 30 seconds of advice his company should consider regarding support of a law requiring hands-free devices for cell phones while driving in the state of Tennessee. If in favor of the law, state what elements of law you think should be included in the law and which should not. If opposed to the law, do likewise, and give personal reasons why. Now is your chance to make a big difference in something you believe in. Please write this brief statement to AAA. Include what you think of legislation and the specific elements of law that should be involved. If against it, please speak out. List reasons either way. This legislation could make all the difference for you or your family, so please answer honestly. Summary of Metting Our focus group was held at the La Vergne, TN public library. The date was Sunday, March 4, 2012 at 4 p. m. Most of the participants arrived on time, but one did not come at all. Another one arrived extremely late, and with an irritable attitude. Refreshments were served. Everyone seemed okay with the idea of being there, and light, friendly chit chatter occurred. The meeting was called to order, and everyone eagerly participated. Ideas flowed freely. There were opinions the entire spectrum. Some were in agreement with the state of Tennessee coming up with moderate laws governing cellular phone usage while driving. Others were diabolically opposed to the idea. One person became feisty and almost bellicose in her expression of her view. She said she had a ‘real problem’ with the government trying to ‘run her life’. We all understood what she meant. When we were able to calm her down, the discussion continued without incident. Each person felt that something was needed but no one really could agree on what that â€Å"something† should be. It seems that much more discussion is needed on the topic. I would recommend that the state fund more groups meetings and have a smaller group to find a solution to the matter. It is my recommendation that we all meet again in a month to see if any opinions have changed. The meeting was closed, and everyone politely bid each other adieu, and we went home.